Block #443,370

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/14/2014, 12:30:26 PM · Difficulty 10.3447 · 6,352,539 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
dee2d3c14336c73424511b69123c341bec8ddb87823b537f5913b85d9407be29

Height

#443,370

Difficulty

10.344741

Transactions

4

Size

10.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5840ee

Nonce

187,140

Timestamp

3/14/2014, 12:30:26 PM

Confirmations

6,352,539

Merkle Root

7757a4dea0cf6148353e9d2b22e5b508f02bcb7cfc6b2c55d14258e676b691a7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.514 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
25149337549098236364…95379274776227633921
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.514 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
25149337549098236364…95379274776227633921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
5.029 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
50298675098196472729…90758549552455267841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.005 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10059735019639294545…81517099104910535681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.011 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
20119470039278589091…63034198209821071361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.023 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
40238940078557178183…26068396419642142721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
8.047 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
80477880157114356367…52136792839284285441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.609 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
16095576031422871273…04273585678568570881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.219 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
32191152062845742547…08547171357137141761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
6.438 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
64382304125691485094…17094342714274283521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.287 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12876460825138297018…34188685428548567041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,611,357 XPM·at block #6,795,908 · updates every 60s
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