Block #442,301

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/13/2014, 6:00:06 PM · Difficulty 10.3493 · 6,352,550 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
23afe3eff192f15c1af8ff0b65660dba097efd7900739232ad370620aea3d11b

Height

#442,301

Difficulty

10.349274

Transactions

2

Size

1.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a596a00

Nonce

1,752

Timestamp

3/13/2014, 6:00:06 PM

Confirmations

6,352,550

Merkle Root

979b96b2fe31af9c1fe65b0cf23a0bb734020b03592770f42ef0f1bc539b1c44
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.112 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31128580214722555607…25931880676083136641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.112 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31128580214722555607…25931880676083136641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.225 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62257160429445111214…51863761352166273281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.245 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12451432085889022242…03727522704332546561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.490 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24902864171778044485…07455045408665093121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.980 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
49805728343556088971…14910090817330186241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.961 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
99611456687112177943…29820181634660372481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.992 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19922291337422435588…59640363269320744961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.984 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39844582674844871177…19280726538641489921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.968 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
79689165349689742354…38561453077282979841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.593 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15937833069937948470…77122906154565959681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,602,837 XPM·at block #6,794,850 · updates every 60s
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