Block #437,443

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/10/2014, 7:36:56 AM · Difficulty 10.3574 · 6,380,185 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
59023b634cdf30d7b4c7783cdb8711ce82ff6dfcd12d1ec54f8fc098d6617f2d

Height

#437,443

Difficulty

10.357395

Transactions

1

Size

902 B

Version

2

Bits

0a5b7e43

Nonce

148,060

Timestamp

3/10/2014, 7:36:56 AM

Confirmations

6,380,185

Merkle Root

61ae411ce9ee136beada47e130f2dad577af8a71e2ecac1394c1613911d3bdb4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.525 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
75259268507818442349…19070902101227016961
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.525 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
75259268507818442349…19070902101227016961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.505 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15051853701563688469…38141804202454033921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.010 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30103707403127376939…76283608404908067841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.020 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
60207414806254753879…52567216809816135681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.204 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12041482961250950775…05134433619632271361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.408 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24082965922501901551…10268867239264542721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.816 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
48165931845003803103…20537734478529085441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.633 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
96331863690007606207…41075468957058170881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.926 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19266372738001521241…82150937914116341761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.853 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
38532745476003042483…64301875828232683521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,785,075 XPM·at block #6,817,627 · updates every 60s
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