Block #437,348

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/10/2014, 5:58:13 AM · Difficulty 10.3578 · 6,368,708 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
36fa99ff580b504c52b0b921b57d5b510766fa6c669a63b3a892a5f15ae14ba8

Height

#437,348

Difficulty

10.357793

Transactions

3

Size

1.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5b9850

Nonce

170,436

Timestamp

3/10/2014, 5:58:13 AM

Confirmations

6,368,708

Merkle Root

4a2984e8a653c90e214ff8fee47c7a738a2794315ec981f02bfcfeb12a0b5c34
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.875 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68751959114794930925…68043527702432139361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.875 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68751959114794930925…68043527702432139361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.375 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13750391822958986185…36087055404864278721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.750 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27500783645917972370…72174110809728557441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.500 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55001567291835944740…44348221619457114881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.100 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11000313458367188948…88696443238914229761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.200 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22000626916734377896…77392886477828459521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.400 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44001253833468755792…54785772955656919041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.800 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
88002507666937511585…09571545911313838081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.760 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17600501533387502317…19143091822627676161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.520 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
35201003066775004634…38286183645255352321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,692,531 XPM·at block #6,806,055 · updates every 60s
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