Block #435,924

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/9/2014, 6:33:21 AM · Difficulty 10.3537 · 6,380,999 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1a227459a6e0600b8c7a584f51369745886d0d3a990bca3fcc9ba3edcbd792eb

Height

#435,924

Difficulty

10.353661

Transactions

6

Size

1.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5a898e

Nonce

383,805

Timestamp

3/9/2014, 6:33:21 AM

Confirmations

6,380,999

Merkle Root

b7eb3e950ce58e582798e1dd3f33dd2cc19809fe62c700b708983b8877ad1065
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14133862705102914942…27823884094944774399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14133862705102914942…27823884094944774399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.413 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14133862705102914942…27823884094944774401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28267725410205829885…55647768189889548799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28267725410205829885…55647768189889548801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.653 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56535450820411659771…11295536379779097599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.653 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56535450820411659771…11295536379779097601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11307090164082331954…22591072759558195199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11307090164082331954…22591072759558195201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22614180328164663908…45182145519116390399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22614180328164663908…45182145519116390401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,779,425 XPM·at block #6,816,922 · updates every 60s
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