Block #435,017

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/8/2014, 3:25:20 PM · Difficulty 10.3543 · 6,407,009 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1cadf4e59c4defd04d5fe11a6a52404997e2344fec830b74d703b91f926e9574

Height

#435,017

Difficulty

10.354299

Transactions

9

Size

2.77 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5ab356

Nonce

10,763,986

Timestamp

3/8/2014, 3:25:20 PM

Confirmations

6,407,009

Merkle Root

5965e59937b1ae701d06f6d451bf2259bf5a5bfe0c10223e8aeb588b29e0637e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.856 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18567340224304536155…95351131417262120961
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.856 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18567340224304536155…95351131417262120961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.713 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37134680448609072310…90702262834524241921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.426 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
74269360897218144620…81404525669048483841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.485 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14853872179443628924…62809051338096967681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.970 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29707744358887257848…25618102676193935361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.941 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
59415488717774515696…51236205352387870721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.188 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11883097743554903139…02472410704775741441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.376 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
23766195487109806278…04944821409551482881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.753 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
47532390974219612556…09889642819102965761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.506 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
95064781948439225113…19779285638205931521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,980,594 XPM·at block #6,842,025 · updates every 60s
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