Block #430,215

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/5/2014, 8:48:53 AM · Difficulty 10.3410 · 6,364,053 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
223e6c3193607a0e0f80d9e5aace96bccc66de379565462ed0b46c6e226da9c3

Height

#430,215

Difficulty

10.341036

Transactions

3

Size

3.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a574e29

Nonce

342,712

Timestamp

3/5/2014, 8:48:53 AM

Confirmations

6,364,053

Merkle Root

42d5f134b16f2c8e6b7b1389447150fc5425c98ab9b45177747549d47f457943
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.721 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
87212878764948230979…51724482009951203591
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.721 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
87212878764948230979…51724482009951203591
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.744 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17442575752989646195…03448964019902407181
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.488 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34885151505979292391…06897928039804814361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.977 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69770303011958584783…13795856079609628721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.395 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13954060602391716956…27591712159219257441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.790 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27908121204783433913…55183424318438514881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.581 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55816242409566867826…10366848636877029761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11163248481913373565…20733697273754059521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.232 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22326496963826747130…41467394547508119041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44652993927653494261…82934789095016238081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,598,172 XPM·at block #6,794,267 · updates every 60s
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