Block #429,955

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/5/2014, 4:38:16 AM · Difficulty 10.3395 · 6,369,483 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a85ee89b2a87328d4b5e4bc958a00b1541d16ffce1f448320096a74d0aa07d24

Height

#429,955

Difficulty

10.339516

Transactions

2

Size

2.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a56ea85

Nonce

133,903

Timestamp

3/5/2014, 4:38:16 AM

Confirmations

6,369,483

Merkle Root

3c4de8e8b169e3509256123154e6d9e20d218b0ec0e399ee12d14be8f24b1b14
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.135 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21350205299499367422…14504082087189757501
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.135 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21350205299499367422…14504082087189757501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.270 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42700410598998734845…29008164174379515001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.540 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85400821197997469690…58016328348759030001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.708 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17080164239599493938…16032656697518060001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.416 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34160328479198987876…32065313395036120001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.832 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
68320656958397975752…64130626790072240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.366 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13664131391679595150…28261253580144480001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.732 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27328262783359190300…56522507160288960001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.465 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
54656525566718380601…13045014320577920001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.093 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10931305113343676120…26090028641155840001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,639,555 XPM·at block #6,799,437 · updates every 60s
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