Block #428,206

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/3/2014, 10:07:49 PM · Difficulty 10.3485 · 6,367,028 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
bdbfc34738cd60166a354e1428fd3275191d7ca1dcdd286ef58d91746ce6b171

Height

#428,206

Difficulty

10.348467

Transactions

2

Size

1.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a593526

Nonce

320,132

Timestamp

3/3/2014, 10:07:49 PM

Confirmations

6,367,028

Merkle Root

cfdffc0a666c7154a728623036646f04ec2fb27ffc3732d1eb97588612b8b9c4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.136 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
41369711120719962788…21258866465018854561
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.136 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
41369711120719962788…21258866465018854561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.273 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
82739422241439925576…42517732930037709121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.654 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16547884448287985115…85035465860075418241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.309 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33095768896575970230…70070931720150836481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.619 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66191537793151940461…40141863440301672961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.323 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13238307558630388092…80283726880603345921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.647 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26476615117260776184…60567453761206691841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.295 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
52953230234521552368…21134907522413383681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.059 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10590646046904310473…42269815044826767361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.118 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21181292093808620947…84539630089653534721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,605,925 XPM·at block #6,795,233 · updates every 60s
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