Block #422,612

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 2/27/2014, 9:27:43 PM · Difficulty 10.3720 · 6,372,699 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e824e7ef2d99ba3b727b3eff96e11b508dcb02017ac711c8927e5b6e1c6ce5c0

Height

#422,612

Difficulty

10.371989

Transactions

2

Size

2.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5f3aa6

Nonce

151,929

Timestamp

2/27/2014, 9:27:43 PM

Confirmations

6,372,699

Merkle Root

46ca91c7fb0fc49fee4be91ee84fff5dc8dd64325a63f5ab77c40ab330c41753
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.199 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31993728264597656441…72636118989188956161
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.199 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31993728264597656441…72636118989188956161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.398 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63987456529195312883…45272237978377912321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.279 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12797491305839062576…90544475956755824641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.559 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25594982611678125153…81088951913511649281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.118 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51189965223356250306…62177903827023298561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.023 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10237993044671250061…24355807654046597121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.047 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20475986089342500122…48711615308093194241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.095 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40951972178685000245…97423230616186388481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.190 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81903944357370000490…94846461232372776961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.638 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16380788871474000098…89692922464745553921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,606,542 XPM·at block #6,795,310 · updates every 60s
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