Block #42,212

2CCLength 8★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/14/2013, 6:09:04 PM · Difficulty 8.5849 · 6,753,803 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
fdd4e0c2fa35fcf5d7fe89a7e3ca28e1f9e3a128bf4497448ed9d9a5206655b2

Height

#42,212

Difficulty

8.584910

Transactions

2

Size

577 B

Version

2

Bits

0895bca9

Nonce

143

Timestamp

7/14/2013, 6:09:04 PM

Confirmations

6,753,803

Merkle Root

5d51236fac9d323e0ed6690b511f1eda196b4dc624077e6b13dfbbf30fd46993
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.556 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
45568884383273226990…56599722795086617281
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.556 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
45568884383273226990…56599722795086617281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.113 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
91137768766546453981…13199445590173234561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.822 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
18227553753309290796…26398891180346469121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.645 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
36455107506618581592…52797782360692938241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.291 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
72910215013237163185…05595564721385876481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.458 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
14582043002647432637…11191129442771752961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.916 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
29164086005294865274…22382258885543505921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.832 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
58328172010589730548…44764517771087011841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 8 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 8

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,612,211 XPM·at block #6,796,014 · updates every 60s
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