Block #419,525

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 2/25/2014, 5:08:54 PM · Difficulty 10.3773 · 6,379,514 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
da29410f0145b89df78265d358041474d2a3cae52e35e4307ac2ff8e4bbf5a06

Height

#419,525

Difficulty

10.377318

Transactions

7

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6097f1

Nonce

291,664

Timestamp

2/25/2014, 5:08:54 PM

Confirmations

6,379,514

Merkle Root

9d97397495cf3cd4d45bdb9da5e5552d628921656df1e3879eba2505a371f9b6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.369 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73698682543442260031…50237975227712624641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.369 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
73698682543442260031…50237975227712624641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.473 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14739736508688452006…00475950455425249281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.947 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29479473017376904012…00951900910850498561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.895 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
58958946034753808025…01903801821700997121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.179 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11791789206950761605…03807603643401994241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.358 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23583578413901523210…07615207286803988481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.716 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47167156827803046420…15230414573607976961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.433 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
94334313655606092840…30460829147215953921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.886 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18866862731121218568…60921658294431907841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.773 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
37733725462242437136…21843316588863815681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,636,352 XPM·at block #6,799,038 · updates every 60s
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