Block #416,136

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/23/2014, 5:18:43 AM · Difficulty 10.3998 · 6,391,004 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a649debbf4ddfb342ef48e1b9f9503246a17b738bfe1c601ee15fcfd7a58b66e

Height

#416,136

Difficulty

10.399765

Transactions

8

Size

1.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6656fa

Nonce

23,892

Timestamp

2/23/2014, 5:18:43 AM

Confirmations

6,391,004

Merkle Root

bfd7816b64731fe1cf507da70e7201e22ce618c8c03ddeffae0cd7a8daf33aaa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.007 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30078006604338029213…50586352212175144959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.007 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30078006604338029213…50586352212175144959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.007 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30078006604338029213…50586352212175144961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.015 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60156013208676058427…01172704424350289919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.015 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60156013208676058427…01172704424350289921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.203 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12031202641735211685…02345408848700579839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.203 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12031202641735211685…02345408848700579841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.406 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24062405283470423371…04690817697401159679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.406 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24062405283470423371…04690817697401159681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.812 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
48124810566940846742…09381635394802319359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.812 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
48124810566940846742…09381635394802319361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,701,127 XPM·at block #6,807,139 · updates every 60s
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