Block #414,411

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/21/2014, 11:50:22 PM · Difficulty 10.4039 · 6,389,641 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ed83d37f696a4649007d5a03f1ccd784ba525332593303ea06fb4963476fa815

Height

#414,411

Difficulty

10.403866

Transactions

13

Size

3.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6763bc

Nonce

205,931

Timestamp

2/21/2014, 11:50:22 PM

Confirmations

6,389,641

Merkle Root

5a45539116c0c0d7058ed13878edbff4baa74ffb613be83c9fc88ceed2bcf314
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.435 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74353094965153044210…28671178147145873599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.435 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74353094965153044210…28671178147145873599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.435 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74353094965153044210…28671178147145873601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.487 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14870618993030608842…57342356294291747199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.487 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14870618993030608842…57342356294291747201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.974 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29741237986061217684…14684712588583494399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.974 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29741237986061217684…14684712588583494401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.948 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
59482475972122435368…29369425177166988799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.948 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
59482475972122435368…29369425177166988801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.189 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11896495194424487073…58738850354333977599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.189 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11896495194424487073…58738850354333977601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,676,471 XPM·at block #6,804,051 · updates every 60s
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