Block #414,266

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/21/2014, 8:56:16 PM · Difficulty 10.4072 · 6,380,786 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1d7cf8aa3b8b43633ee63bcc1394ecaa5c2a36991da0b5aa32bd3d290e9869e2

Height

#414,266

Difficulty

10.407204

Transactions

6

Size

7.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a683e84

Nonce

63,781

Timestamp

2/21/2014, 8:56:16 PM

Confirmations

6,380,786

Merkle Root

2953f18561fc7c182b1274629f88a57a6d3e4ccf230e305e7fcd374bdd31ce4d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.370 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73705470570653491595…04744281618803654399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.370 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73705470570653491595…04744281618803654399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.370 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73705470570653491595…04744281618803654401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14741094114130698319…09488563237607308799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14741094114130698319…09488563237607308801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.948 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29482188228261396638…18977126475214617599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.948 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29482188228261396638…18977126475214617601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.896 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58964376456522793276…37954252950429235199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.896 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58964376456522793276…37954252950429235201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.179 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11792875291304558655…75908505900858470399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.179 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11792875291304558655…75908505900858470401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,604,456 XPM·at block #6,795,051 · updates every 60s
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