Block #414,149

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/21/2014, 6:05:01 PM · Difficulty 10.4134 · 6,380,397 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ae2cab7c4ae1bfc3797ffef245db2752a64da1d31600998f74187766e8c4eabd

Height

#414,149

Difficulty

10.413445

Transactions

7

Size

2.24 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a69d782

Nonce

73,481

Timestamp

2/21/2014, 6:05:01 PM

Confirmations

6,380,397

Merkle Root

c43ebdecefcef3297efaff535af66fd187a9a6d754a6ac375c8fd022c60683ce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.565 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55653812278652678489…90158550581253779849
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.565 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55653812278652678489…90158550581253779849
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.565 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
55653812278652678489…90158550581253779851
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11130762455730535697…80317101162507559699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11130762455730535697…80317101162507559701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.226 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22261524911461071395…60634202325015119399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.226 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22261524911461071395…60634202325015119401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.452 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44523049822922142791…21268404650030238799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.452 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44523049822922142791…21268404650030238801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.904 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89046099645844285583…42536809300060477599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.904 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89046099645844285583…42536809300060477601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,600,408 XPM·at block #6,794,545 · updates every 60s
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