Block #411,726

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/20/2014, 12:39:47 AM · Difficulty 10.4199 · 6,396,511 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e24bc4b67020d7a2ec90ce3a10095d50d59cefa48919045d7c7848f71b448a7a

Height

#411,726

Difficulty

10.419861

Transactions

8

Size

3.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6b7bfb

Nonce

53,643

Timestamp

2/20/2014, 12:39:47 AM

Confirmations

6,396,511

Merkle Root

46c8cf6e22f4a4f839e79756cd5a49a73733d73cfe9ac52ed86e35e68d76feb9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.635 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76358791871986846725…91823870044981892319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.635 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76358791871986846725…91823870044981892319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.635 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76358791871986846725…91823870044981892321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.527 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15271758374397369345…83647740089963784639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.527 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15271758374397369345…83647740089963784641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.054 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30543516748794738690…67295480179927569279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.054 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30543516748794738690…67295480179927569281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.108 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61087033497589477380…34590960359855138559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.108 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61087033497589477380…34590960359855138561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.221 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12217406699517895476…69181920719710277119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.221 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12217406699517895476…69181920719710277121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,942 XPM·at block #6,808,236 · updates every 60s
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