Block #408,515

2CCLength 10ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind Ā· Discovered 2/17/2014, 5:16:41 PM Ā· Difficulty 10.4311 Ā· 6,400,936 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
dae2f7a74ee20905593b0c88ffb4adfcc5b5b3b5bb34966ca3bf1e36400a9271

Height

#408,515

Difficulty

10.431134

Transactions

3

Size

3.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6e5ecb

Nonce

1,681

Timestamp

2/17/2014, 5:16:41 PM

Confirmations

6,400,936

Mined by

Merkle Root

a6199c8a9e0674cb6a17aef9565c0b0b784e607fd208545a1057898dba75e0ab
Transactions (3)
1 in → 1 out9.2300 XPM116 B
24 in → 1 out11.1993 XPM3.51 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.953 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁓(105-digit number)
29533653955579249868…66974351699584195141
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k Ɨ origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.953 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁓(105-digit number)
29533653955579249868…66974351699584195141
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
2
2^1 Ɨ origin + 1
5.906 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁓(105-digit number)
59067307911158499737…33948703399168390281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
3
2^2 Ɨ origin + 1
1.181 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
11813461582231699947…67897406798336780561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
4
2^3 Ɨ origin + 1
2.362 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
23626923164463399895…35794813596673561121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
5
2^4 Ɨ origin + 1
4.725 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
47253846328926799790…71589627193347122241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
6
2^5 Ɨ origin + 1
9.450 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
94507692657853599580…43179254386694244481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
7
2^6 Ɨ origin + 1
1.890 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
18901538531570719916…86358508773388488961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
8
2^7 Ɨ origin + 1
3.780 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
37803077063141439832…72717017546776977921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
9
2^8 Ɨ origin + 1
7.560 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
75606154126282879664…45434035093553955841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Ɨ2āˆ’1 →
10
2^9 Ɨ origin + 1
1.512 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
15121230825256575932…90868070187107911681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Ɨ 3 Ɨ 5 Ɨ 7 Ɨ …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Ɨ Primorial (2Ā·3Ā·5Ā·7Ā·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), pā‚‚ = 2p₁ āˆ’ 1, pā‚ƒ = 2pā‚‚ āˆ’ 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,719,678 XPMĀ·at block #6,809,450 Ā· updates every 60s
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