Block #407,956

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/17/2014, 8:11:43 AM · Difficulty 10.4293 · 6,402,303 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9f359ebdb3270d88d8abd6d88be3080059131ff7d7c5e1ba657c31b49829ae0c

Height

#407,956

Difficulty

10.429262

Transactions

10

Size

2.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6de41c

Nonce

49,845

Timestamp

2/17/2014, 8:11:43 AM

Confirmations

6,402,303

Merkle Root

d8e7746c1a79a5b24e1e16db86d9f473797d9a833343ebe4a4164ba0943b3bfc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.699 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96991916772802430159…91707143715233582279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.699 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96991916772802430159…91707143715233582279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.699 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96991916772802430159…91707143715233582281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.939 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19398383354560486031…83414287430467164559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.939 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19398383354560486031…83414287430467164561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.879 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38796766709120972063…66828574860934329119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.879 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38796766709120972063…66828574860934329121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.759 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77593533418241944127…33657149721868658239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.759 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77593533418241944127…33657149721868658241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.551 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15518706683648388825…67314299443737316479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.551 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15518706683648388825…67314299443737316481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,726,146 XPM·at block #6,810,258 · updates every 60s
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