Block #407,805

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/17/2014, 5:38:14 AM · Difficulty 10.4293 · 6,384,756 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
87108ce539945cef05bfb49a9679824d9d100806aecc25a1799aa2d6febfb07c

Height

#407,805

Difficulty

10.429295

Transactions

15

Size

5.47 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6de647

Nonce

4,079

Timestamp

2/17/2014, 5:38:14 AM

Confirmations

6,384,756

Merkle Root

397e442696db92802c4aa669fbaad8f77b0e947b567d34f3aa046be80a949ec8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.358 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73583290416579341583…62236567079035533099
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.358 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73583290416579341583…62236567079035533099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.358 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73583290416579341583…62236567079035533101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.471 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14716658083315868316…24473134158071066199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.471 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14716658083315868316…24473134158071066201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.943 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29433316166631736633…48946268316142132399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.943 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29433316166631736633…48946268316142132401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.886 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58866632333263473266…97892536632284264799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.886 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58866632333263473266…97892536632284264801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.177 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11773326466652694653…95785073264568529599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.177 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11773326466652694653…95785073264568529601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,584,453 XPM·at block #6,792,560 · updates every 60s
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