Block #407,800

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/17/2014, 5:32:57 AM · Difficulty 10.4292 · 6,408,833 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
593c35ceb67d288649eb513f4b86e91e07ec93790c14c7d101a82151164fbdf2

Height

#407,800

Difficulty

10.429182

Transactions

12

Size

2.98 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6dded8

Nonce

45,734

Timestamp

2/17/2014, 5:32:57 AM

Confirmations

6,408,833

Merkle Root

b053ff5be35304197b1bc4f1e9ec1cab77b53761511a27ee4abce3b28be4fc1d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.389 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33893133582264433851…72607684878610904319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.389 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33893133582264433851…72607684878610904319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.389 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33893133582264433851…72607684878610904321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.778 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67786267164528867703…45215369757221808639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.778 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67786267164528867703…45215369757221808641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.355 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13557253432905773540…90430739514443617279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.355 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13557253432905773540…90430739514443617281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.711 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27114506865811547081…80861479028887234559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.711 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27114506865811547081…80861479028887234561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.422 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54229013731623094162…61722958057774469119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.422 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54229013731623094162…61722958057774469121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,777,179 XPM·at block #6,816,632 · updates every 60s
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