Block #407,379

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/16/2014, 10:03:35 PM · Difficulty 10.4330 · 6,409,565 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7bf5a7db1d67386f4a8ee26576f0a0058128f69cf1ff4d55618c78aaabd979dc

Height

#407,379

Difficulty

10.432995

Transactions

8

Size

2.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6ed8c4

Nonce

39,187

Timestamp

2/16/2014, 10:03:35 PM

Confirmations

6,409,565

Merkle Root

5af51b1b4cb864de54e155d69ffeb3d5105900a5266f50b0f384f8e6db78cddc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25583249355203056905…83194207148419759359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25583249355203056905…83194207148419759359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25583249355203056905…83194207148419759361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51166498710406113810…66388414296839518719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.116 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51166498710406113810…66388414296839518721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.023 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10233299742081222762…32776828593679037439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.023 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10233299742081222762…32776828593679037441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.046 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20466599484162445524…65553657187358074879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.046 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20466599484162445524…65553657187358074881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.093 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40933198968324891048…31107314374716149759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.093 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40933198968324891048…31107314374716149761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,779,595 XPM·at block #6,816,943 · updates every 60s
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