Block #407,294

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/16/2014, 8:35:02 PM · Difficulty 10.4332 · 6,403,259 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
47af20ca1a5a7cc3f49cea2a5ff2053b375f49f0835de8b0af0d19a1e6347496

Height

#407,294

Difficulty

10.433183

Transactions

9

Size

5.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6ee51d

Nonce

285,893

Timestamp

2/16/2014, 8:35:02 PM

Confirmations

6,403,259

Merkle Root

53d703fa8e2d2b9f7d99c596e99c629f9f1a3c4be561153958c3958957db5e3c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.093 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
70931181283151204997…73108481133425263039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.093 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
70931181283151204997…73108481133425263039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.093 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
70931181283151204997…73108481133425263041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.418 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14186236256630240999…46216962266850526079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.418 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14186236256630240999…46216962266850526081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.837 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
28372472513260481998…92433924533701052159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.837 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
28372472513260481998…92433924533701052161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.674 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
56744945026520963997…84867849067402104319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.674 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
56744945026520963997…84867849067402104321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.134 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11348989005304192799…69735698134804208639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.134 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11348989005304192799…69735698134804208641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,728,513 XPM·at block #6,810,552 · updates every 60s
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