Block #404,055

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/14/2014, 2:05:53 PM · Difficulty 10.4346 · 6,398,622 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4b76964cdd50517a18a059c18545b4a9429767d09142b325ec61eaed9669f628

Height

#404,055

Difficulty

10.434580

Transactions

12

Size

3.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6f40aa

Nonce

206,375

Timestamp

2/14/2014, 2:05:53 PM

Confirmations

6,398,622

Merkle Root

82d796b10f78e5f6dcd7301c9ec3a261a4bc11961d4e2e1c5269f1fce2372d1d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.223 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82234954019507268496…25559410324864800959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.223 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82234954019507268496…25559410324864800959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.223 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82234954019507268496…25559410324864800961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.644 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16446990803901453699…51118820649729601919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.644 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16446990803901453699…51118820649729601921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.289 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32893981607802907398…02237641299459203839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.289 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32893981607802907398…02237641299459203841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.578 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65787963215605814797…04475282598918407679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.578 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65787963215605814797…04475282598918407681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.315 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13157592643121162959…08950565197836815359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.315 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13157592643121162959…08950565197836815361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,665,437 XPM·at block #6,802,676 · updates every 60s
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