Block #398,181

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/10/2014, 1:47:18 PM · Difficulty 10.4215 · 6,405,324 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b04f40642646b77b1270c70d9996e87af396baaa910d50f49069f339d327d07d

Height

#398,181

Difficulty

10.421478

Transactions

9

Size

3.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6be5ff

Nonce

318,767,828

Timestamp

2/10/2014, 1:47:18 PM

Confirmations

6,405,324

Merkle Root

6e150d18b43f75a4558c23646a5ec9775c85eebff9634887d00d10540dae09ad
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.261 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72612324948672155421…27705152439063491249
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.261 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72612324948672155421…27705152439063491249
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.261 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
72612324948672155421…27705152439063491251
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.452 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14522464989734431084…55410304878126982499
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.452 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14522464989734431084…55410304878126982501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29044929979468862168…10820609756253964999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29044929979468862168…10820609756253965001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.808 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58089859958937724337…21641219512507929999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.808 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58089859958937724337…21641219512507930001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.161 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11617971991787544867…43282439025015859999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.161 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11617971991787544867…43282439025015860001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,672,064 XPM·at block #6,803,504 · updates every 60s
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