Block #393,717

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/7/2014, 9:05:41 AM · Difficulty 10.4358 · 6,410,562 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4d1fa0010cad574b59bef18e6f5a57d9ff91ba540c31f6c62edb42f63de20d58

Height

#393,717

Difficulty

10.435837

Transactions

6

Size

1.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6f9302

Nonce

15,784

Timestamp

2/7/2014, 9:05:41 AM

Confirmations

6,410,562

Merkle Root

920eaf0825e7f7561599adf91ab40c12d8aefbfae9c2d6e2fef8b55757d6451d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.716 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37166444024318310501…75771818473470527999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.716 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37166444024318310501…75771818473470527999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.716 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37166444024318310501…75771818473470528001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.433 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74332888048636621002…51543636946941055999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.433 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
74332888048636621002…51543636946941056001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.486 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14866577609727324200…03087273893882111999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.486 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
14866577609727324200…03087273893882112001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.973 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29733155219454648401…06174547787764223999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.973 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
29733155219454648401…06174547787764224001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.946 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
59466310438909296802…12349095575528447999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.946 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
59466310438909296802…12349095575528448001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,678,288 XPM·at block #6,804,278 · updates every 60s
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