Block #393,658

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/7/2014, 8:09:07 AM · Difficulty 10.4351 · 6,406,813 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d74a8d3246d785fa2eaa2e113d2e20eed58074eb4126b2620e14504d81d47491

Height

#393,658

Difficulty

10.435083

Transactions

12

Size

11.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6f619b

Nonce

160,413

Timestamp

2/7/2014, 8:09:07 AM

Confirmations

6,406,813

Merkle Root

c0c89e25baadcacbdc18d7fc0d55f38bf666fb1861b94364c38a215882ffbbd1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.881 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68812400121371961374…69532342114106879999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.881 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68812400121371961374…69532342114106879999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.881 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68812400121371961374…69532342114106880001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.376 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13762480024274392274…39064684228213759999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.376 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13762480024274392274…39064684228213760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.752 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27524960048548784549…78129368456427519999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.752 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27524960048548784549…78129368456427520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.504 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55049920097097569099…56258736912855039999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.504 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55049920097097569099…56258736912855040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.100 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11009984019419513819…12517473825710079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.100 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11009984019419513819…12517473825710080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,647,828 XPM·at block #6,800,470 · updates every 60s
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