Block #392,433

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/6/2014, 11:12:50 AM · Difficulty 10.4386 · 6,405,719 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
676f69feef51c42b3b345c54fce729b18ee5e2357d044844fc2d59ade4a9d486

Height

#392,433

Difficulty

10.438600

Transactions

7

Size

1.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a70481d

Nonce

21,660

Timestamp

2/6/2014, 11:12:50 AM

Confirmations

6,405,719

Merkle Root

93b9a7a8f42f03b86f730627c34f3fdb4fd9cbd8f4c18d4eadaab63f9f5242ce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.576 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15767519693509741307…24577595720813119999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.576 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15767519693509741307…24577595720813119999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.576 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15767519693509741307…24577595720813120001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.153 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31535039387019482615…49155191441626239999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.153 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31535039387019482615…49155191441626240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.307 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
63070078774038965230…98310382883252479999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.307 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
63070078774038965230…98310382883252480001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.261 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12614015754807793046…96620765766504959999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.261 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12614015754807793046…96620765766504960001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.522 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25228031509615586092…93241531533009919999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.522 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25228031509615586092…93241531533009920001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,629,215 XPM·at block #6,798,151 · updates every 60s
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