Block #389,716

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/4/2014, 4:21:34 PM · Difficulty 10.4215 · 6,417,755 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b6ed9ab2a473f33635584ddbc576651d9e70733be4cee2d84b7b8a19fb20e936

Height

#389,716

Difficulty

10.421529

Transactions

15

Size

3.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6be95a

Nonce

21,675

Timestamp

2/4/2014, 4:21:34 PM

Confirmations

6,417,755

Merkle Root

ad1b9b07b4a81a24b2f286a760f18f0826cc645aa90778d57ba4b1be6645374b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.063 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10639271240794539117…39983955684722698239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.063 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10639271240794539117…39983955684722698239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.063 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10639271240794539117…39983955684722698241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.127 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21278542481589078235…79967911369445396479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.127 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21278542481589078235…79967911369445396481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.255 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42557084963178156470…59935822738890792959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.255 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42557084963178156470…59935822738890792961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.511 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
85114169926356312941…19871645477781585919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.511 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
85114169926356312941…19871645477781585921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.702 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17022833985271262588…39743290955563171839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.702 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17022833985271262588…39743290955563171841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,703,793 XPM·at block #6,807,470 · updates every 60s
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