Block #388,599

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/3/2014, 10:14:44 PM · Difficulty 10.4177 · 6,416,489 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b884e877ae11d5e702f05495626f6defc76d1d1d2981515ba8da779d3791c5d2

Height

#388,599

Difficulty

10.417724

Transactions

13

Size

2.85 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6aeff2

Nonce

17,182

Timestamp

2/3/2014, 10:14:44 PM

Confirmations

6,416,489

Merkle Root

a3e1ee7227f96475222aed73be50c25c711465515b3b73d2e315894caa89ac22
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.372 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
93725686334177306965…14408387418822970879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.372 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
93725686334177306965…14408387418822970879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.372 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
93725686334177306965…14408387418822970881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.874 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18745137266835461393…28816774837645941759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.874 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18745137266835461393…28816774837645941761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.749 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
37490274533670922786…57633549675291883519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.749 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
37490274533670922786…57633549675291883521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.498 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
74980549067341845572…15267099350583767039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.498 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
74980549067341845572…15267099350583767041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.499 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14996109813468369114…30534198701167534079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.499 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14996109813468369114…30534198701167534081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,684,769 XPM·at block #6,805,087 · updates every 60s
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