Block #386,173

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/2/2014, 7:26:05 AM · Difficulty 10.4051 · 6,417,120 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0c0865db3b538ff3180677b5ad78b9c901751dabfd48054970cf8518dd439dd2

Height

#386,173

Difficulty

10.405120

Transactions

10

Size

4.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a67b5f0

Nonce

73,561

Timestamp

2/2/2014, 7:26:05 AM

Confirmations

6,417,120

Merkle Root

a59a953240e187f19f89ab49750c12b303ba062d9d00b11dd1b8def3a2fde82f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.137 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21370577838783457911…91957099601526350079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.137 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21370577838783457911…91957099601526350079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.137 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21370577838783457911…91957099601526350081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.274 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42741155677566915823…83914199203052700159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.274 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42741155677566915823…83914199203052700161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.548 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85482311355133831647…67828398406105400319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.548 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85482311355133831647…67828398406105400321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.709 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17096462271026766329…35656796812210800639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.709 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17096462271026766329…35656796812210800641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.419 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34192924542053532659…71313593624421601279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.419 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34192924542053532659…71313593624421601281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,670,370 XPM·at block #6,803,292 · updates every 60s
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