Block #385,501

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/1/2014, 7:57:15 PM · Difficulty 10.4072 · 6,428,885 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7b67447cf08fe974bea16470f39a1f387f2beecc5436b1c90ea7694c07c89855

Height

#385,501

Difficulty

10.407158

Transactions

6

Size

2.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a683b80

Nonce

3,269

Timestamp

2/1/2014, 7:57:15 PM

Confirmations

6,428,885

Merkle Root

3c5f7a98049203ba2c8dea840c8fad635b40e9533f2f4960f4a5fca64f269eed
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.244 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72447871238727923624…05416547294981722879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.244 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72447871238727923624…05416547294981722879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.244 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72447871238727923624…05416547294981722881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.448 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14489574247745584724…10833094589963445759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.448 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14489574247745584724…10833094589963445761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.897 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
28979148495491169449…21666189179926891519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.897 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
28979148495491169449…21666189179926891521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.795 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
57958296990982338899…43332378359853783039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.795 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
57958296990982338899…43332378359853783041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.159 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11591659398196467779…86664756719707566079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.159 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11591659398196467779…86664756719707566081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,759,149 XPM·at block #6,814,385 · updates every 60s
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