Block #385,251

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/1/2014, 4:10:34 PM · Difficulty 10.4041 · 6,410,291 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
41804c2eccb1da619af131d0374c5c09487496ac4744b3b710398817471097cf

Height

#385,251

Difficulty

10.404137

Transactions

7

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a67758c

Nonce

35,186

Timestamp

2/1/2014, 4:10:34 PM

Confirmations

6,410,291

Merkle Root

500a50267afe9b0e400abf71b71e924a335e9e0764d6cac17375bc77c9c9907d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.592 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15925889157792219480…08584352543387033599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.592 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15925889157792219480…08584352543387033599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.592 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15925889157792219480…08584352543387033601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.185 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31851778315584438961…17168705086774067199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.185 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31851778315584438961…17168705086774067201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.370 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
63703556631168877923…34337410173548134399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.370 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
63703556631168877923…34337410173548134401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.274 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12740711326233775584…68674820347096268799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.274 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12740711326233775584…68674820347096268801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.548 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25481422652467551169…37349640694192537599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.548 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25481422652467551169…37349640694192537601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,608,399 XPM·at block #6,795,541 · updates every 60s
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