Block #384,422

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/1/2014, 2:40:11 AM · Difficulty 10.4020 · 6,410,456 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a4c4a7c90b58d16879caa9ca5c4db4e6caf1681ee8828ee4ea82332b25a49a13

Height

#384,422

Difficulty

10.401979

Transactions

8

Size

3.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a66e81d

Nonce

16,588

Timestamp

2/1/2014, 2:40:11 AM

Confirmations

6,410,456

Merkle Root

a4850c84861b25b59475c74befd93e171912b715c297db77fdfca78540c51851
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.266 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12668586751683057132…92298361719531765759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.266 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12668586751683057132…92298361719531765759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.266 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12668586751683057132…92298361719531765761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.533 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25337173503366114265…84596723439063531519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.533 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25337173503366114265…84596723439063531521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.067 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
50674347006732228531…69193446878127063039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.067 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
50674347006732228531…69193446878127063041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.013 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10134869401346445706…38386893756254126079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.013 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10134869401346445706…38386893756254126081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.026 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20269738802692891412…76773787512508252159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.026 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20269738802692891412…76773787512508252161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,058 XPM·at block #6,794,877 · updates every 60s
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