Block #383,822

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/31/2014, 3:57:54 PM · Difficulty 10.4060 · 6,420,252 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d2e3ae721595071141753fde237fdb2215817202e1a3b009b709aaa6a9f37b9e

Height

#383,822

Difficulty

10.406027

Transactions

10

Size

3.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a67f15b

Nonce

40,371

Timestamp

1/31/2014, 3:57:54 PM

Confirmations

6,420,252

Merkle Root

0b2cad2f71c37973aa40e82d0595c8dcdb58e668df1c5e19ed53db0ecb862c4c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.044 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10440265997678823708…73949473067459336419
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.044 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10440265997678823708…73949473067459336419
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.044 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10440265997678823708…73949473067459336421
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.088 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20880531995357647417…47898946134918672839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.088 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20880531995357647417…47898946134918672841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.176 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
41761063990715294835…95797892269837345679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.176 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
41761063990715294835…95797892269837345681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.352 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
83522127981430589670…91595784539674691359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.352 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
83522127981430589670…91595784539674691361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.670 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16704425596286117934…83191569079349382719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.670 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16704425596286117934…83191569079349382721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,676,648 XPM·at block #6,804,073 · updates every 60s
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