Block #382,979

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/31/2014, 3:15:37 AM · Difficulty 10.3963 · 6,435,025 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
db2f3e68e2b302c09a0afcc8f0c42fefda07266a722a2d2dd9bf85e91f238b91

Height

#382,979

Difficulty

10.396266

Transactions

9

Size

2.93 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6571b4

Nonce

97,554

Timestamp

1/31/2014, 3:15:37 AM

Confirmations

6,435,025

Merkle Root

b8e5cc74b554807b350ee547a6f7c373a7d7fbdbafff2fd349878a5db3d891a8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.908 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
69088285018383426346…50841558337457983039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.908 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
69088285018383426346…50841558337457983039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.908 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
69088285018383426346…50841558337457983041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.381 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13817657003676685269…01683116674915966079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.381 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13817657003676685269…01683116674915966081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.763 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27635314007353370538…03366233349831932159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.763 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27635314007353370538…03366233349831932161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.527 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
55270628014706741076…06732466699663864319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.527 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
55270628014706741076…06732466699663864321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.105 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11054125602941348215…13464933399327728639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.105 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11054125602941348215…13464933399327728641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,788,097 XPM·at block #6,818,003 · updates every 60s
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