Block #382,828

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/31/2014, 12:22:57 AM · Difficulty 10.3989 · 6,434,632 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
720b7547b7499471312381c56ddc7741edb8e36b40f83ac0cf18cbf3294ded90

Height

#382,828

Difficulty

10.398852

Transactions

6

Size

1.27 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a661b22

Nonce

272,472

Timestamp

1/31/2014, 12:22:57 AM

Confirmations

6,434,632

Merkle Root

37644595d1d595510892d91f3b8ba6ce506d61ef3df941502b70f3f5396b62e7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.393 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
93933300722777785954…09063184171647758979
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.393 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
93933300722777785954…09063184171647758979
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.393 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
93933300722777785954…09063184171647758981
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.878 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18786660144555557190…18126368343295517959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.878 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18786660144555557190…18126368343295517961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.757 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37573320289111114381…36252736686591035919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.757 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
37573320289111114381…36252736686591035921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.514 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
75146640578222228763…72505473373182071839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.514 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
75146640578222228763…72505473373182071841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.502 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15029328115644445752…45010946746364143679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.502 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15029328115644445752…45010946746364143681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,783,730 XPM·at block #6,817,459 · updates every 60s
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