Block #381,372

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/29/2014, 10:58:21 PM · Difficulty 10.4063 · 6,435,202 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e68b84139f8b6cc03bda0b9b8fe6868142a2692fca68e127d6b1ac9de190aa3c

Height

#381,372

Difficulty

10.406326

Transactions

11

Size

3.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6804f3

Nonce

167,991

Timestamp

1/29/2014, 10:58:21 PM

Confirmations

6,435,202

Merkle Root

082cba9864017898da547a877412ff902360ce6b980145b770381280daceedac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.342 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23422457674347915001…39158302761934618159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.342 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23422457674347915001…39158302761934618159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.342 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23422457674347915001…39158302761934618161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46844915348695830002…78316605523869236319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46844915348695830002…78316605523869236321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93689830697391660005…56633211047738472639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93689830697391660005…56633211047738472641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.873 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18737966139478332001…13266422095476945279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.873 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18737966139478332001…13266422095476945281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.747 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37475932278956664002…26532844190953890559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.747 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
37475932278956664002…26532844190953890561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,776,724 XPM·at block #6,816,573 · updates every 60s
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