Block #379,046

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/28/2014, 7:05:10 AM · Difficulty 10.4137 · 6,429,354 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b21881027d2ff23641ed94388554652ed5cdc8aa888434334fb6fca7c74daafa

Height

#379,046

Difficulty

10.413723

Transactions

6

Size

5.51 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a69e9c3

Nonce

57,710

Timestamp

1/28/2014, 7:05:10 AM

Confirmations

6,429,354

Merkle Root

74cced3e14e7691dad5203e8b970e3a179af2ce693b1fa3f97a61672be49ec2d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.477 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
44776859140636717671…96901707948968776449
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.477 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
44776859140636717671…96901707948968776449
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.477 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
44776859140636717671…96901707948968776451
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.955 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
89553718281273435342…93803415897937552899
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.955 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
89553718281273435342…93803415897937552901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.791 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17910743656254687068…87606831795875105799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.791 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17910743656254687068…87606831795875105801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.582 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
35821487312509374137…75213663591750211599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.582 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
35821487312509374137…75213663591750211601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.164 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
71642974625018748274…50427327183500423199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.164 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
71642974625018748274…50427327183500423201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,257 XPM·at block #6,808,399 · updates every 60s
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