Block #377,415

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/27/2014, 2:38:03 AM · Difficulty 10.4224 · 6,439,219 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b8d53c81a797d55f9abfff0702d070afc219fdca9a25186b6ae95d32d4d5403f

Height

#377,415

Difficulty

10.422419

Transactions

8

Size

3.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6c23ad

Nonce

239,296

Timestamp

1/27/2014, 2:38:03 AM

Confirmations

6,439,219

Merkle Root

6aa1dd856aa11feca15c22065420658291a815096ced9c1d83b0665967f9fac9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.720 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27202330118521500009…43898432343498161999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.720 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27202330118521500009…43898432343498161999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.720 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27202330118521500009…43898432343498162001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.440 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
54404660237043000019…87796864686996323999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.440 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
54404660237043000019…87796864686996324001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.088 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10880932047408600003…75593729373992647999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.088 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10880932047408600003…75593729373992648001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.176 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21761864094817200007…51187458747985295999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.176 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21761864094817200007…51187458747985296001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.352 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43523728189634400015…02374917495970591999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.352 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43523728189634400015…02374917495970592001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,777,187 XPM·at block #6,816,633 · updates every 60s
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