Block #376,712

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/26/2014, 2:20:45 PM · Difficulty 10.4259 · 6,418,749 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
170ac3ce45644dea32f29729ff22ec2d284cba3d67273fc1348d2a5d5e5897e6

Height

#376,712

Difficulty

10.425881

Transactions

6

Size

7.23 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6d0683

Nonce

85,222

Timestamp

1/26/2014, 2:20:45 PM

Confirmations

6,418,749

Merkle Root

c6599aaadf2b6768e3d67d9f7d9b118378fda23148db5b3fc1df5082c5150d7e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.063 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10639107739646290887…11606575750021042759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.063 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10639107739646290887…11606575750021042759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.063 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10639107739646290887…11606575750021042761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.127 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21278215479292581775…23213151500042085519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.127 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21278215479292581775…23213151500042085521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.255 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42556430958585163550…46426303000084171039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.255 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42556430958585163550…46426303000084171041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.511 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
85112861917170327101…92852606000168342079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.511 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
85112861917170327101…92852606000168342081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.702 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17022572383434065420…85705212000336684159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.702 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17022572383434065420…85705212000336684161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,746 XPM·at block #6,795,460 · updates every 60s
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