Block #376,323

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/26/2014, 8:17:31 AM · Difficulty 10.4217 · 6,448,425 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2bd13ce9ab28319188c9d99aca3140147e9b24b5cd71823365383c660124e99c

Height

#376,323

Difficulty

10.421665

Transactions

10

Size

3.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6bf237

Nonce

184,556,433

Timestamp

1/26/2014, 8:17:31 AM

Confirmations

6,448,425

Merkle Root

302a1af07cc759562d82f654d611b540ebd4bbbbab08a839318c2ebe3cdd3588
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.345 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43456024302665167464…03198780536448342519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.345 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43456024302665167464…03198780536448342519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.345 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43456024302665167464…03198780536448342521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.691 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86912048605330334928…06397561072896685039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.691 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86912048605330334928…06397561072896685041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.738 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17382409721066066985…12795122145793370079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.738 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17382409721066066985…12795122145793370081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.476 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34764819442132133971…25590244291586740159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.476 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34764819442132133971…25590244291586740161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.952 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69529638884264267942…51180488583173480319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.952 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69529638884264267942…51180488583173480321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,842,055 XPM·at block #6,824,747 · updates every 60s
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