Block #376,216

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/26/2014, 6:38:41 AM · Difficulty 10.4219 · 6,431,959 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3a413428f0f481c195586a21ae95d174ff2427f6da207ed1b018c211ed2222f6

Height

#376,216

Difficulty

10.421884

Transactions

6

Size

1.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6c009a

Nonce

23,464

Timestamp

1/26/2014, 6:38:41 AM

Confirmations

6,431,959

Merkle Root

e174809a79d9db1442bad15b0a53b6974d124b97167c3b497320cf3adde9174c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.306 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43064758426152528634…79484730372321950099
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.306 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43064758426152528634…79484730372321950099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.306 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43064758426152528634…79484730372321950101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.612 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
86129516852305057268…58969460744643900199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.612 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
86129516852305057268…58969460744643900201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.722 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17225903370461011453…17938921489287800399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.722 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
17225903370461011453…17938921489287800401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.445 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
34451806740922022907…35877842978575600799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.445 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
34451806740922022907…35877842978575600801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.890 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
68903613481844045815…71755685957151201599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.890 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
68903613481844045815…71755685957151201601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,448 XPM·at block #6,808,174 · updates every 60s
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