Block #3,757,907

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/4/2020, 7:57:24 PM · Difficulty 10.8545 · 3,059,015 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8701eb77908ec699ecf006bb97785b4fc7bdf5c133953077ca98cfad84594241

Height

#3,757,907

Difficulty

10.854511

Transactions

16

Size

4.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0adac13d

Nonce

255,876,849

Timestamp

7/4/2020, 7:57:24 PM

Confirmations

3,059,015

Merkle Root

368a430e8f3a0e4fd516931ff0cd4202a03379731e57ee43617280c11529fa29
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.732 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17329197512226272609…62412564874557835999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.732 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17329197512226272609…62412564874557835999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.732 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17329197512226272609…62412564874557836001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34658395024452545219…24825129749115671999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.465 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34658395024452545219…24825129749115672001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.931 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69316790048905090438…49650259498231343999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.931 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69316790048905090438…49650259498231344001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.386 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13863358009781018087…99300518996462687999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.386 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13863358009781018087…99300518996462688001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.772 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27726716019562036175…98601037992925375999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.772 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27726716019562036175…98601037992925376001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.545 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55453432039124072350…97202075985850751999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,779,416 XPM·at block #6,816,921 · updates every 60s
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