Block #375,089

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/25/2014, 11:51:07 AM · Difficulty 10.4219 · 6,439,128 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5888a12d78bff16d278ff26493cbee085c637c18f5b1f6db397757c1e850cb1a

Height

#375,089

Difficulty

10.421926

Transactions

7

Size

25.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6c035a

Nonce

19,552

Timestamp

1/25/2014, 11:51:07 AM

Confirmations

6,439,128

Merkle Root

49a90cf1c4d04a01a05cb1cb5d4ec91ba121da62d9ead6fa2b1730594063faf5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.253 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12536434837790720524…00388890988770075279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.253 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12536434837790720524…00388890988770075279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.253 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12536434837790720524…00388890988770075281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.507 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25072869675581441049…00777781977540150559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.507 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25072869675581441049…00777781977540150561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.014 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50145739351162882098…01555563955080301119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.014 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50145739351162882098…01555563955080301121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.002 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10029147870232576419…03111127910160602239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.002 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10029147870232576419…03111127910160602241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.005 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20058295740465152839…06222255820321204479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.005 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20058295740465152839…06222255820321204481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,757,805 XPM·at block #6,814,216 · updates every 60s
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