Block #372,133

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/23/2014, 9:21:23 AM · Difficulty 10.4291 · 6,444,215 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
42202d1d9ac8e2890240668595285471c4113554293d985a6d18771a7f968618

Height

#372,133

Difficulty

10.429140

Transactions

8

Size

4.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6ddc1f

Nonce

872

Timestamp

1/23/2014, 9:21:23 AM

Confirmations

6,444,215

Merkle Root

76440ebed8a973450b402cffc848719304caf78e77efaa628eeace2fb6468768
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.959 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29595477083419749520…17506193812018764799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.959 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29595477083419749520…17506193812018764799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.959 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29595477083419749520…17506193812018764801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.919 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59190954166839499041…35012387624037529599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.919 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59190954166839499041…35012387624037529601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.183 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11838190833367899808…70024775248075059199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.183 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11838190833367899808…70024775248075059201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.367 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23676381666735799616…40049550496150118399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.367 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23676381666735799616…40049550496150118401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.735 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47352763333471599233…80099100992300236799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.735 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47352763333471599233…80099100992300236801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,774,908 XPM·at block #6,816,347 · updates every 60s
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