Block #372,097

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/23/2014, 8:48:05 AM · Difficulty 10.4290 · 6,422,877 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d29afaeaec509ecb858fbd942048164aea1eb12886eb5a7350820aa4028fa4b5

Height

#372,097

Difficulty

10.428989

Transactions

7

Size

2.20 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6dd23e

Nonce

18,280

Timestamp

1/23/2014, 8:48:05 AM

Confirmations

6,422,877

Merkle Root

734a4662b9b7ef0a5854513f41f6d6691bd2a1d9feb027d539b840df7e6c5e9c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.929 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89297475859924466651…78365471010600438399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.929 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89297475859924466651…78365471010600438399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.929 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89297475859924466651…78365471010600438401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.785 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17859495171984893330…56730942021200876799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.785 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17859495171984893330…56730942021200876801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.571 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35718990343969786660…13461884042401753599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.571 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35718990343969786660…13461884042401753601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.143 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
71437980687939573321…26923768084803507199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.143 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
71437980687939573321…26923768084803507201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.428 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14287596137587914664…53847536169607014399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.428 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14287596137587914664…53847536169607014401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,831 XPM·at block #6,794,973 · updates every 60s
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