Block #371,031

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/22/2014, 2:01:06 PM · Difficulty 10.4356 · 6,421,553 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9d53293c2263a59507f56afd1e6ae6caf7d890f5aec5da892dc1953415f82291

Height

#371,031

Difficulty

10.435593

Transactions

19

Size

5.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6f8308

Nonce

32,965

Timestamp

1/22/2014, 2:01:06 PM

Confirmations

6,421,553

Merkle Root

cddb73de371d194ec0f079acd2e9b6f0ac3c7109b190d6595b3c59e834d3e73c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.762 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
47629253635633975827…91628393461344218239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.762 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
47629253635633975827…91628393461344218239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.762 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
47629253635633975827…91628393461344218241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.525 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
95258507271267951654…83256786922688436479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.525 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
95258507271267951654…83256786922688436481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.905 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19051701454253590330…66513573845376872959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.905 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19051701454253590330…66513573845376872961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.810 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
38103402908507180661…33027147690753745919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.810 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
38103402908507180661…33027147690753745921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.620 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
76206805817014361323…66054295381507491839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.620 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
76206805817014361323…66054295381507491841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.524 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15241361163402872264…32108590763014983679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,584,641 XPM·at block #6,792,583 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.