Block #368,983

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/21/2014, 2:21:29 AM · Difficulty 10.4452 · 6,433,691 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a527099d42da1130869a2c270e0e1d0c2144d95556d59c7cf3a20b41a4f6ea52

Height

#368,983

Difficulty

10.445240

Transactions

11

Size

3.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a71fb3c

Nonce

215,041

Timestamp

1/21/2014, 2:21:29 AM

Confirmations

6,433,691

Merkle Root

8d4f59cf545ea74533fac02d053cb396a43e4a62216a1d321654d4ccb69a22f0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.138 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
51383051958703241627…34157464470886192899
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.138 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
51383051958703241627…34157464470886192899
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.138 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
51383051958703241627…34157464470886192901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.027 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10276610391740648325…68314928941772385799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.027 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10276610391740648325…68314928941772385801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.055 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20553220783481296650…36629857883544771599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.055 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20553220783481296650…36629857883544771601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.110 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
41106441566962593301…73259715767089543199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.110 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
41106441566962593301…73259715767089543201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.221 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
82212883133925186603…46519431534179086399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.221 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
82212883133925186603…46519431534179086401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,665,412 XPM·at block #6,802,673 · updates every 60s
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