Block #3,610,038

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/22/2020, 1:45:19 PM · Difficulty 10.9033 · 3,232,959 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b20b2402b9adaf602df67558646678320e8738a931bd11e61a30a2961e4d7f58

Height

#3,610,038

Difficulty

10.903305

Transactions

7

Size

9.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae73efc

Nonce

1,835,813,647

Timestamp

3/22/2020, 1:45:19 PM

Confirmations

3,232,959

Merkle Root

e34e5e62a57397772e68cefb91b5bd64e5a536dd40b17aafe3955c604aef3ae4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.712 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87126192725158899284…64032066119796986879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.712 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87126192725158899284…64032066119796986879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.712 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87126192725158899284…64032066119796986881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.742 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17425238545031779856…28064132239593973759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.742 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17425238545031779856…28064132239593973761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.485 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34850477090063559713…56128264479187947519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.485 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34850477090063559713…56128264479187947521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.970 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69700954180127119427…12256528958375895039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.970 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69700954180127119427…12256528958375895041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.394 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13940190836025423885…24513057916751790079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.394 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13940190836025423885…24513057916751790081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,988,331 XPM·at block #6,842,996 · updates every 60s
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